In previous lectures, we have considered: the evolution of approaches to the concept of natural monopoly; regulation of natural monopolies (the history of regulation, basic theories of regulation, goals and forms of regulation, evaluation criteria); the main causes and directions of the ongoing regulatory reform; as well as regulatory mechanisms (regulation of the rate of return on capital, stimulating regulation (price limits, yardstick competition, price discrimination, Ramsey prices, Vogelsang - finsinger Mechanism, multicomponent tariffs)). In these lectures, using the example of the two most important sectors - electricity and gas, we will analyze how regulatory reform is unfolding in different countries, how the traditional appearance of these sectors is changing, what models and mechanisms are the basis for the ongoing transformation, what problems complicate the reform. Worldwide, the electricity and gas industries are undergoing a rapid deregulating transformation. The traditional character of industries, characterized by monopolistic structure, extensive regulation and a high share of state ownership, is changing in the direction of a more complex and multifaceted, in the process of deregulation, new concepts of these sectors are formed.