The article deals with the impact of liberal economic reforms on the processes of enterprise restructuring in Russia. Structural deformations inherited by Russia from the Soviet planned economy, as well as institutional factors resulting from economic policy in the 1990s and hindering the reform and restructuring of enterprises are analyzed.  On this basis, conclusions are made about the General prospects of economic policy that provides conditions for economic growth, as well as the role of the state in the Russian economy in the coming years.