The paper analyzes the problems of measuring the dynamics of industrial production in the Russian transition economy. The specificity of the Russian transitional economy as an object of measurement is analyzed. The specificity of the Russian transitional economy as an object of measurement is analyzed. It is shown that this specificity leads to the complexity of the measurement of the dynamics of production and reduce its accuracy. The problems of analysis of the dynamics of production and their requirements for measurement methods are considered. The critical analysis of problems of the Russian official practice of construction of indexes of industrial production is carried out It is shown that the main problems of measurement are manifested in the conduct of short-term comparisons, which systematically complicates the identification of short-term trends in the dynamics of production.The directions of improvement of the official practice of index construction are discussed.