For the last two decades global climate change has turn into one of the most urgent problems of world economy and world politics. The efficient ways and methods to cope with it are still to be elaborated. Search for and theoretical substantiation of such methods is the important objective of the economic science and this objective is far to be fulfilled to the moment. This paper reveals the key problems that economic science faces while studying and analyzing global climate change. These are the problem of economic valuation of future climate change impacts, the problem of choice of national climate policy instruments, and the problem of optimal form of international climate change regime. These problems are difficult to solve not only because of the complexity of interconnections between human economic activity and the state of environment but also because of the current inability of economic science to operate the categories which are traditionally out of the area of economics studies. Taking these categories into consideration within economic analysis and using the multidisciplinary vision is the key condition for the elaboration of efficient theoretical and practical approaches to cope with global climate change.